外科感染细菌学的研究,过去曾一直着重在需氧菌方面,胆道疾病的感染也不例外,认为常见的致病菌是以大肠杆菌为首的需氧菌。近10多年来,随着对厌氧菌培养技术的改进和对细菌鉴定方法的新发展,人们对厌氧菌的研究越来越多,认识也随之提高。国内外均有较多的文献报告,提出厌氧菌在外科感染领域中的重要性,并证实厌氧菌也是胆道感染疾病中的常见致病菌,应对 Surgical infection bacteriology research, in the past has been focused on aerobic bacteria, biliary tract infection is no exception, that is a common pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli-led aerobic bacteria. In recent 10 years, with the improvement of anaerobic culture technology and the new development of bacterial identification methods, more and more people are studying on anaerobic bacteria, and their cognition also increases. There are more reports at home and abroad, put forward the importance of anaerobic bacteria in the field of surgical infection and confirmed that anaerobic bacteria are also common pathogens in biliary tract infections.