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河南省已建的大中型水库中,作为饮用水水源地承担向县城以上城市或城镇供水任务的共计有47座,涉及河南省郑州、洛阳等12个市35个县市区,分属海河、黄河、淮河和长江4大流域。这些水库一般都地处山丘区,水土流失较为严重,在生态环境进一步恶化的同时,入库泥沙携带大量面源污染物进入水库,造成水库淤积,水质恶化,严重影响了城镇居民生活饮用水安全。通过对水源地现状调查分析,针对存在的问题,提出了泥沙和面源污染的综合治理措施。在水土流失治理措施上,分中高山区、浅山区、丘陵区、库岸周边区提出了不同的综合治理措施;针对水质污染状况,提出了面源污染和富营养化的防治措施。
Among the large and medium-sized reservoirs that have been built in Henan Province, 47 have been served as drinking water sources for water supply to cities or towns above the county level, covering 35 counties and cities in 12 cities of Zhengzhou and Luoyang, Henan Province, Yellow River, Huaihe River and the Yangtze River four major drainage areas. These reservoirs are generally located in hill areas, soil erosion is more serious, in the further deterioration of the ecological environment, while carrying a large number of non-point source pollutants into the reservoir, resulting in siltation of the reservoir, water quality, seriously affecting the lives of urban residents drinking Water safety. Based on the investigation and analysis of the current situation of water sources, aiming at the existing problems, the paper put forward the comprehensive control measures of sediment and non-point source pollution. On the control measures of soil and water loss, different comprehensive control measures are put forward in middle and high mountainous areas, shallow mountainous areas, hilly areas and bank periphery areas. According to the water pollution status, the prevention and cure measures of non-point source pollution and eutrophication are put forward.