目的　研究结核分枝杆菌异烟肼耐药菌株与敏感菌株的蛋白质表达差异 ,鉴定结核分枝杆菌中与异烟肼耐药相关的菌体蛋白。方法　应用双向电泳技术比较 2株异烟肼耐药菌株与 2株敏感菌株的全菌蛋白表达图谱差异 ,发现异烟肼耐药结核分枝杆菌表达量显著增加 2 6个蛋白质斑点 ,通过基质辅助激光解吸 /电离飞行时间质谱仪进行质谱分析 ,获得 6个明确的肽质量指纹谱 ,通过蛋白质数据库进行检索分析。结果　 6个蛋白分别为海藻糖磷酸磷酸酶、铁钼蛋白A、莽草酸 5脱氢酶、葡萄糖胺果糖 6磷酸氨基转移酶、吲哚 3甘油磷酸合成酶、TetR家族转录调控因子。结论　上述蛋白的鉴定将对发现新型抗结核药物靶位和异烟肼耐药结核病诊断的分子标志物可能有所裨益 Objective To study the protein expression differences between isoniazid-resistant and susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to identify the bacterial proteins related to isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the expression profiles of two isolates of isoniazid-resistant strains and two strains of susceptible strains. The results showed that the expression of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased significantly by 26 protein spots, Laser desorption / ionization time of flight mass spectrometry mass spectrometry, six clear peptide mass fingerprinting spectra obtained through the protein database search analysis. Results The six proteins were trehalose phosphate phosphatase, iron molybdenum protein A, shikimate 5 dehydrogenase, glucosamine fructose 6 phosphate aminotransferase, indole 3 glycerophosphate synthase and TetR transcription factor. Conclusions The identification of these proteins may be helpful in identifying novel anti-TB drug targets and molecular markers for the diagnosis of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis