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当前国际上关于海底矿床的研究开发,虽集中于金属矿床,然而从世界资源供需关系上看来,磷资源的重要性并不小.磷矿床大体分为四种类型,即有机沉积物矿床、鸟粪矿床、与碱性复合岩体伴生的磷灰石矿以及碳酸盐岩矿床.本文介绍的海成磷灰土(磷块岩)矿床即属于有机沉积物矿床类型.据调查从海成磷灰土矿床采到的磷矿石,约占全世界磷矿石产量的80%(冈野,1975).日本过去也曾对北大东岛的鸟粪矿床及能登半岛的中新统中部地层中的磷灰土进行过开采,但目前磷矿石则全部依赖进口.在全世界面临着沙漠化现象的今天,对于化肥原料上不可缺少的磷资源应如何保证,这确乎是农业政策上一个极为重要的课题.本文拟以海成磷灰土在海底如何形成、怎样分布等问题为中心,简单介绍一下国际上的研究现状.
At present, the research and development of seabed deposits in the world are concentrated in metal deposits, but from the perspective of supply and demand of world resources, the importance of phosphorus resources is not small.Phosphate deposits can be divided into four types: organic deposit , Guano deposit, apatite associated with alkaline composite rock mass, and carbonate deposit.The sea-to-phosphate (Limestone) deposit described in this article belong to the type of organic deposit.According to the survey, Phosphorus limestone deposits collected phosphate rock, accounting for about 80% of the world’s phosphate rock production (Okano, 1975) .Japan has also been on the North East guano deposit and the Gordon Peninsula Central Plains of the Miocene Of phosphorus and lime soil has been mined, but now the phosphate rock are all dependent on imports in the face of desertification in the world today, the indispensable fertilizer on the phosphorus resources how to ensure that this is indeed an extremely important agricultural policy Project.This paper intends to sea lime phosphorus soil in the sea how to form, how to distribution and other issues as the center, a brief introduction to the international research status quo.