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应用微血管铸型扫描电镜(SEM)观察了15例20～38周胎儿肾小球毛细血管发生及发育的形态学变化。结果显示:20～38周胎儿的肾脏内皮质肾小球生长发育较好,肾小球大小无明显变化,但其毛细血管形态显示了一定的差异。外皮质肾小球发育较差。在胎儿早期(5个月)较多初级肾小球的入球小动脉发出的毛细血管呈向前开放5～10支数量不等的小突起或弯曲成指状排列,部分肾动脉分支形成的终末血管(入球小动脉)呈光滑而又膨大的盲端或“结节”状。随着肾小球毛细血管发育,毛细血管袢数量增多,肾小球发育接近球形。近足月时处于初期发育的肾小球较少发现。肾小球的3种类型是由肾小球毛细血管早期发育所决定,其毛细血管来源于肾入球动脉形成的各级分支,以芽生形式形成。
The morphological changes of glomerular capillaries in fetuses from 20 weeks to 38 weeks were observed by microvascular cast scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the growth and development of renal cortical glomeruli in the fetus from 20 to 38 weeks were well developed and the size of the glomerulus did not change significantly. However, the capillary morphology showed some differences. Outer cortical glomerular development is poor. Early in the fetus (5 months) more primary glomerular capillaries issued by the small artery is open forward 5 to 10 in varying numbers of small projections or curved into finger-like arrangement, the formation of part of the renal artery branches The terminal blood vessel (arteriolar artery) is a smooth and enlarged blind end or “nodular” shape. With the development of glomerular capillaries, the number of capillaries increased, glomerular development nearly spherical. Nearly full-term at the initial development of glomeruli found less. The three types of glomeruli are determined by the early development of glomerular capillaries, the capillaries derived from the branches of the renal adventitial arteries forming in the form of buds.