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目的基于增压原理研制一种便携式高原增压头盔,并探讨其防治急性高原病的效果。方法设计、研制的便携式高原增压头盔由加压泵、压力传感器、头罩、颈圈、安全阀、呼吸嘴、反馈回路等部分组成,可通过电动或手动加压方式增加头罩内气压,同时通过压力传感器、安全阀和反馈回路控制等措施确保头罩内气压在预设范围内。在大型低压舱模拟不同海拔高度(3 500、5 000 m)高原环境下,观察健康青年男性志愿者佩戴头盔(头罩内气压范围分别为0.4~1.0、0.4~1.4、0.4~1.6 k Pa)过程中,血氧饱和度(percutaneous oxygen saturation,Sp O2)和心率(heart rate,HR)的变化。进而在海拔3 650 m高原现场,选择急性高原反应患者按随机数字表简单随机化分为对照组和头盔干预组,观察应用该头盔(头盔内气压为0.4~1.4 k Pa)对急性高原反应患者的Sp O2、HR和急性高原反应症状评分的影响。结果在模拟海拔3 500、5 000 m高原环境中,使用头盔可明显提高Sp O2、降低HR。在高原现场,与对照组比较,使用头盔可提高急性高原反应患者的Sp O2,降低患者的HR和急性高原反应症状评分(P<0.05)。结论研制的高原增压头盔携带使用方便,可显著提高血氧饱和度,降低心率,适用于改善高原缺氧和防治急性高原病。
Objective To develop a portable plateau pressure booster helmet based on the principle of pressurization and to explore its effect in preventing and treating acute plateau disease. Method Design and development of the portable plateau booster helmet consists of pressure pump, pressure sensor, hood, collar, safety valve, breathing nozzle, feedback loop and other components, can be increased by electric or manual pressure inside the hood pressure, At the same time through the pressure sensor, safety valve and feedback loop control measures to ensure that the hood pressure within the pre-set range. Under the condition of large low-pressure cabin simulating altitude (3 500, 5 000 m) plateau, healthy young male volunteers were observed wearing helmets (the pressure range in the hood was 0.4-1.0, 0.4-1.4 and 0.4-1.6 k Pa, respectively) During the process, changes of percutaneous oxygen saturation (Sp O2) and heart rate (HR) were observed. Furthermore, randomly selected patients with acute altitude sickness at an altitude of 3 650 m were randomly divided into a control group and a helmet intervention group according to a random number table. The effects of the helmet (helium pressure 0.4-1.4 k Pa) on patients with acute altitude sickness Of Sp O2, HR and acute altitude sickness symptom scores. Results In the simulated plateau of 3 500 and 5 000 m above sea level, the use of helmets significantly increased Sp O2 and decreased HR. On the plateau, using helmet increased Sp O2 in patients with acute altitude sickness and decreased HR and symptoms of acute altitude sickness (P <0.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion The developed plateau booster helmet is easy to carry and use, can significantly improve the oxygen saturation and reduce the heart rate, and is suitable for improving plateau hypoxia and preventing acute mountain sickness.