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美国联邦政府对航运业的积极干预甚于该国的任何一个企业部门。该国政府对航运业倍感兴趣,其历史与该国历史一样悠久。早在美国的第一、第二届国会上就通过了保护本国商船的低税收法,即对本国公民拥有的商船载入某些进口货课以低吨税、低关税,对载同类货输入美国的外国船则征收高吨税、高关税。目的都是为了发展该国的商船队。现今实行的保护主义政策,财政补贴政策以及扩大航运市场的垄断,仍然是该国对航运业实施政府干预的主要措施。虽然,战后利用资本输出的方式,建立了一支庞大的方便旗船队,但是,美国政府对以往实行的航运政策立法却仍然沿用。本论文之目的旨在系统地分析上述的问题。
The U.S. federal government has positively engaged in the shipping industry more than any other business unit in the country. The government is much more interested in the shipping industry, which has as long history as the country’s history. As early as the first and the second parliaments in the United States, the Low Tax Law on the Protection of Domestic Merchant Shipping was adopted. That is, the low taxation and low tariffs on certain imported goods loaded on the merchant vessels owned by its own citizens were introduced into the import of similar goods Foreign ships in the United States charge high tonnage taxes and high tariffs. The purpose is to develop the country’s merchant fleet. Today’s protectionist policies, fiscal subsidies and the expansion of the monopoly of the shipping market are still the major measures taken by the country to implement government intervention in the shipping industry. Although post-war capital outflows were used to establish a huge convenience flag fleet, the U.S. government still adopted the shipping policy legislation previously adopted. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the above problems.