因兴办工业企业而获得成功的张謇按照他的理想 ,自清末起在南通开始营造一个“新世界”。民国初年 ,这一有着“新村落”等数种称谓的“新世界”吸引了国内外社会的较多关注 ,而又得“模范”之称。张謇所设计的这一理想社会的源头是汉末田子泰经营的“无终山都邑” ,张謇将其演绎成自己的“村落主义”和地方自治。随着张謇对海外世界的进一步了解 ,他在其社会理想中增添了来自于西方的内容 ,但他始终没有放弃过从早年起就奉为圭臬的田子泰式的村落主义。也正是由于这一社会理想的制约 ,张謇设计和经营的近代自治社会没有实现民主化和法治化 ,而专权式的自治窒息了社会活力 ,再加上其它因素 ,最终影响了社会的经济基础 ,阻碍了南通早期现代化的进程。 Zhang Huan, who succeeded in establishing an industrial enterprise, according to his ideal, started a new world in Nantong since the end of the Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, this “new world” with several titles such as “new villages” attracted more attention from the society at home and abroad and became “model”. Zhang Jian’s ideal society was originated from the “Endless Mountain Capital” run by Tian Zitai in the late Han Dynasty. Zhang Jian interpreted it as his “villageism” and local autonomy. With his further understanding of the overseas world, Zhang added content from the West to his social ideal. However, he never gave up the Tian-Thai Thai-style villageism that he had mastered since his early years. It is also precisely because of this ideal of social constraints that the modern autonomous society designed and run by Zhang Jian did not achieve democratization and rule of law. Autocratic autonomy stifled social vitality, and other factors ultimately affected the economic fundamentals of society , Hinder the process of early modernization of Nantong.