1997年以来,中国市场实现了由“卖方市场”到“买方市场”的伟大跨越,这是进行结构调整的必要基础。但目前我国的买方市场,是居民收入水平和购买能力较低,低水平重复建设大量存在,经济结构明显失衡条件下形成的,因此,其基础相当脆弱。而与此相联系的生产过剩是一种相对过剩、结构性过剩。实际上,从产业结构来看,第二产业中主要是部分制造业生产过剩与第一、第三产业短缺并存,传统产业在低水平上饱和与支柱产业和一些新兴产业发展不足并存;从行业结构来看,第二产业内部部分制造业生产过剩与其他们行业生产短缺并存;从产品结构来看,大路货产品及低档产品过剩与技术含量高、附加价值高的产品短缺并存。 目前有不少产品供过于求甚至严重供过于求,看起来似乎是一种过剩,实则是一种短缺,一种潜在短缺或 Since 1997, the Chinese market has achieved a great leap forward from the “seller’s market” to the “buyer’s market”, which is the necessary basis for structural adjustment. However, at present, the buyer’s market in our country is formed under the conditions of a relatively low level of income and purchasing power of residents, a large number of low-level redundant construction and an obvious unbalanced economic structure. Therefore, the foundation of the market is quite fragile. The overproduction associated with this is a relative surplus and structural excess. In fact, from the perspective of industrial structure, the secondary industry is mainly characterized by the overproduction of some manufacturing industries, the shortage of primary and tertiary industries, the saturation of traditional industries at low levels, and the insufficient development of pillar industries and some emerging industries. From the perspective of industry From the perspective of structure, some manufacturing industries in the secondary industry overproduced the production shortage in other industries. From the perspective of product structure, the surplus of high-end products and low-grade products was accompanied by the shortage of products with high technical content and high added value. At present, there are many products that oversupply or even oversupply, which may seem like an oversupply but in reality it is a shortage, a potential shortage or