冲击是指矿井高应力区内煤体、岩体及断层等在受外界扰动瞬间失稳破坏时,释放出很大能量而引起的以猛烈震动和爆发式破坏为特征的矿山动力现象。引起冲击的原因有自然因素(内因)和开采因素(外因),自然因素很难改变,本文提出用开采解放层、煤层注水、卸压爆破等方法改变开采因素,是防治冲击地压的有效方法。并指出各方法所须的注意事项。 Shock refers to the mine dynamic phenomenon characterized by violent vibration and explosive destruction caused by the release of great energy when the coal mass, rock mass and fault in the high-stress area of ​​the mine are momentarily damaged by external disturbance. The causes of the impact are natural factors (internal factors) and mining factors (external factors), and natural factors are difficult to change. In this paper, we propose to change mining factors by exploiting the liberated layer, injecting water into the coal seam and releasing pressure blasting, which are effective methods to prevent rock burst . And points out the precautions that must be taken for each method.