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随着光源、分辨率、扫描深度和分析软件的更替与进步，光相干断层扫描（OCT）和OCT血管成像（OCTA）能更准确地显示视网膜各层结构并给予精确的定量测量。OCT测得的视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度、黄斑节细胞内丛状层厚度以及OCTA测得的视盘旁毛细血管血流密度、黄斑区浅层和深层毛细血管血流密度、黄斑中心凹无血管区面积等指标在神经眼科疾病中均具有特征性改变。OCT和OCTA已成为沟通神经科学与眼科学的重要手段，其在首发症状为视功能异常的中枢神经系统疾病与视网膜疾病的鉴别诊断、神经眼科疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断、神经变性疾病进展评价中均具有重要价值和广泛的应用前景。值得广大神经眼科医生深入了解、重视和应用。“,”With the development of ophthalmic optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), including the improving of light source, resolution, scanning depth and upgrade of analysis softwares, they can more accurately display the structure of retinal layers and give accurate quantitative measurement. In neuro-ophthalmic diseases, the OCT indicators (the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer around optic disc and plexus layer in macular gangle cells) and OCTA indicators (the blood flow density of capillaries around optic disc, superficial and deep capillaries in macular area, and the area of foveal avascualr zone) had special changes. It has important value in the differential diagnosis of central nervous system diseases and retinal diseases with visual dysfunction as the first symptom, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmic disease, the evaluation of progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuro-ophthamologists should pay more attention to the exploration and application of OCT and OCTA in the field of neuro-ophthalmology.