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在我国西南诸省分布着大面积的碳酸盐岩地貌,它们主要由碳酸钙、碳酸镁矿物组成,也就是石灰岩和白云岩。这类岩石具有可溶性,在水的作用下会产生有趣的变化——溶解或沉定。在溶解时,二氧化碳与水作用形成碳酸,碳酸离解后产生氢离子和碳酸氢根离子。氢离子再作用于碳酸钙,形成重碳酸钙,重碳酸钙可溶解于水、钙离子则被不停地循环着的水流带走,于是碳酸盐岩石结构被破坏,岩石被溶解;在沉淀时,富含钙离子的水流循环到某些有利位置,如地下洞室,或水流动态受阻的时候,水流中的二氧化碳气体便逸散到空气中,使得水中
In the southwestern provinces of our country, a large area of carbonate landscapes are distributed. They are mainly composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate minerals, that is, limestone and dolomite. Such rocks are soluble and produce interesting changes under water - dissolved or settled. Upon dissolution, carbon dioxide and water act to form carbonic acid, which dissociates to produce hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. Hydrogen ions re-act on the calcium carbonate to form calcium bicarbonate. Calcium bicarbonate can be dissolved in water and calcium ions are taken away by the circulating water. The carbonate rock structure is destroyed and the rock is dissolved. In the precipitation , The calcium-rich water stream circulates to some favorable locations, such as underground caverns, or when the water flow is impeded, the carbon dioxide gas in the water stream escapes into the air, causing the water