近年来,随着海底矿藏的不断发现,各国开发海洋资源的呼声日益高涨,尤其是各工业发达国家,展开了激烈的竞争。现在,海洋资源开发技术的发展水平已成为衡量一个国家科学技术水平的重要标志。 1.海底矿物资源开发在海底矿物资源开发方面,世界各国主要注重三个方面: 其一是海洋石油与天然气开发。从六十年代至今,美国、日本、英国、法国和挪威等国 In recent years, with the continuous discovery of seabed mineral deposits, the voices of various countries in developing marine resources have been on the rise. Especially in the industrialized countries, fierce competition has taken place. Nowadays, the level of development of marine resource development technology has become an important indicator of a country’s level of science and technology. 1. Development of seabed mineral resources In the development of seabed mineral resources, countries in the world mainly focus on three aspects: One is the development of offshore oil and natural gas. From the 1960s to the present, the United States, Japan, Britain, France and Norway and other countries