威廉·李卜克内西(1826—1900年)是德国社会民主党和第二国际的创始人之一,是德国和国际工人运动的著名活动家。他出生于黑森公国的一个政府官员之家,大学毕业后从事过教师、记者等职业。青年时代是革命民主主义者,在德国1848—1849年革命过程中,先是参加巴登起义,后又投身于维护帝国宪法的斗争。1848年革命失败后,他流亡伦敦。在马克思、恩格斯影响下,成长为科学社会主义者,1850年加入共产主义者同盟。他和倍倍尔一道,对德国工人运动作了开拓性的工作,创建了德 William Liebknecht (1826-1900) was one of the founders of German Social-Democracy and Second International and was a prominent activist in German and international workers’ movements. He was born in a government official home in the Principality of Hesse, and worked as a teacher and journalist after graduating from college. The youth were revolutionary democrats. They first took part in the Baden Uprising during the revolution of 1848-1849 in Germany and later devoted themselves to the struggle to uphold the constitution of the empire. After the failure of the revolution in 1848, he was exiled to London. Under the influence of Marx and Engels, he grew up to be a scientific socialist and joined the communist coalition in 1850. Together with Bebel, he pioneered the German workers’ movement and created Germany