订立合理的验收标准是一项复杂的工作。虽然目前还有不少问题在争论,但是,研究一下国内外的验收标准就不难发现,一个总的发展趋势是采用数理统计方法的原理作为制订标准的依据。不过,在具体条文上,各国标准所遵循的某些原则却不尽相同。有沿用自己过去的经验,从生产的角度以考虑经济效益为主;有的则从使用的角度考虑安全耐久为主。反映在制定验收标准的质量水平上,则有下面一些不同:①在分布函数上,有的采用正态分布,有的采用对数正态分布;②在标准 The establishment of reasonable acceptance criteria is a complicated task. Although there are still many issues at issue, it is not difficult to find out the acceptance criteria at home and abroad. One general trend is to use the principles of mathematical statistics as the basis for formulating standards. However, in the specific provisions, certain principles followed by national standards are not the same. They have adopted their own past experience and focused on economic efficiency from the perspective of production; others have taken safety and durability as the main considerations in terms of use. Reflected in the quality level of the establishment of acceptance criteria, there are some differences: 1 In the distribution function, some use a normal distribution, some use a lognormal distribution; 2 in the standard