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目的分析2012年青岛市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为制定流行性腮腺炎的预防控制策略提供依据。方法对2012年青岛市流行性腮腺炎病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2012年青岛市共报告流行性腮腺炎病例2 202例,年均发病率为28.61/10万。发病主要集中在春季和冬季,占61.40%;发病率居前3位的依次是市北区(80.16/10万)、四方区(72.81/10万)、莱西市(44.60/10万),不同县(市)区发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);发病率男性(36.97/10万)高于女性(20.15/10万)(P<0.01);病例主要集中在0～14岁年龄,占病例总数的75.34%,各年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病例中学生居多(57.36%)。多数病例免疫史不详(55.77%),有免疫史者占22.30%(491/2202)。病例的主要症状有发热、单侧腮腺肿大等症状,分别占病例总数的68.21%、60.13%;小部分病例出现脑膜炎(3.18%)、脑炎(2.09%)等并发症。结论应提高含腮腺炎成分疫苗的免疫水平,进一步加强防控力度,加强每年入托、入学儿童预防接种证查验及补种工作,切实降低流行性腮腺炎发病率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Qingdao in 2012 and provide evidence for the development of mumps prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of mumps cases in Qingdao in 2012. Results In 2012, 2 202 cases of mumps were reported in Qingdao, with an average annual incidence of 28.61 / 100 000. The incidence was mainly in spring and winter, accounting for 61.40% of the total incidence. The top three incidences were Shibei District (80.16 / 100,000), Sifang District (72.81 / 100,000), Laixi City (44.60 / 100,000) The incidence rates in different counties (cities) were significantly different (P <0.01); the incidence of males (36.97 / 100000) was higher than that of females (20.15 / 100000) (P <0.01); the cases mainly concentrated in 0-14 Age, accounting for 75.34% of the total number of cases, the incidence of each age group was statistically significant (P <0.01); cases of middle school students (57.36%). Most cases of unknown history of immunization (55.77%), with a history of immunization accounted for 22.30% (491/2202). The main symptoms of the cases were fever, unilateral parotid gland swelling and other symptoms, accounting for 68.21% and 60.13% of the total number of cases; a small number of cases of meningitis (3.18%), encephalitis (2.09%) and other complications. Conclusions The level of immunization of mumps vaccine should be increased to further strengthen the prevention and control, and to strengthen the examination and re-vaccination of vaccination certificates for children admitted to school and admission each year, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of mumps.