企业活力的构成要素是企业活力研究中的一个重要问题。它包含了企业内部因素与企业外部因素两大部分。从企业内部看,主要由这几个因素构成:一是人的素质,包括企业主要经营者的素质;一般管理人员和技术人员素质;职工素质。二是技术素质,包括工艺、装备水平;产品水平及产品质量,新产品研究开发能力。三是管理素质,分为硬性管理和软性管理两类。硬性管 The constituent elements of corporate vitality are an important issue in the study of corporate vitality. It contains two major parts: internal factors and external factors. From the internal perspective of the company, it is mainly composed of these factors: First, the quality of people, including the quality of the main business operators; the quality of general managers and technicians; and the quality of employees. The second is technical quality, including the level of technology and equipment; product level and product quality, and new product research and development capabilities. The third is management quality, which is divided into hard management and soft management. Hard tube