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中国城市服务业职能特征研究可为构建合理的城市服务业职能规模结构、行业结构和空间结构及各城市服务业差异化发展提供科学依据。以中国287个地级及以上城市为单元,应用纳尔逊方法、城市服务业流量测度模型、服务业行业B/N比和空间自相关等方法,定量测算各城市服务业职能规模、专业化部门、职能强度,分析各服务业行业的分工水平、演变趋势和空间格局。研究表明:1对外服务业输出流量高度集中于高级服务业中心,各等级服务业中心的服务业职能结构差异较大;2城市服务业输出和输入流量规模在地带性尺度上都呈“东中西”三级递减空间格局。城市服务业输出流量空间没有显著集聚区域,而城市服务业输入流量空间上有弱集聚特征,呈“大分散小集中”格局,集聚城市呈“群”状分布,与重要城市群分布较一致;3各服务业行业分工强度存在差异,服务业整体分工在深化,具体行业分工有快速深化、缓慢深化、稳定三种类型;4服务业输入流量规模集中性比较低,各城市有普遍服务业需求,应根据需求类型采取不同发展策略。
The study on the functional characteristics of China’s urban service industry can provide a scientific basis for building a reasonable scale structure, industrial structure and spatial structure of urban service industry and the differentiated development of service industries in various cities. Taking 287 prefecture - level cities and above in China as a unit, this paper uses Nelson method, urban service flow measurement model, B / N ratio of service industry and spatial autocorrelation to quantitatively measure the service scale, specialized departments, Functional strength, analyze the division of labor in all service industries, trends and spatial patterns. The results show that: 1 The output flow of the external service industry is highly concentrated in the high-level service centers, and the functional structure of the service industry at all levels of service centers is quite different. The output and input flows of the service industries in the two cities are all “ Chinese and Western ”three declining space pattern. There is no significant agglomeration area in the output flow space of urban service industry, while the urban service input flow space has the weak agglomeration characteristics, showing a pattern of “large decentralization and small concentration” The distribution of the service industries is different, the overall division of labor in the service industry is deepening, the division of labor in specific industries is rapidly deepening, slowly deepening, and stable. 4 The input scale of the service industry is relatively low in concentration, Universal service needs, should be based on the type of demand to adopt different development strategies.