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新中国成立后,为适应军队建设的需要,国家及时提出实行义务兵役制。它的主要特征是实行定期征集、定期退役,既可以使现役部队得到充足的兵员补充,同时可以有计划地积蓄强大的、训练有素的后备兵员。1955年7月,《中华人民共和国兵役法》颁布实施,这是新中国的第一部兵役法,它标志着长期实行的志愿兵役制度的结束,这是国家军事制度的一项重大改革。虽然义务兵役制是一种比较合理的兵役制度,但在实践过程中由于缺乏经验等原因出现了一些问题。新中国成立初期,围绕预备役制度、民兵工作以及是否恢复志愿兵制等问题,经过了较长时间的探索和实践,义务兵役制得到修正和改进,符合中国实际的兵役制度逐步确立,并不断发展完善。
After the founding of new China, in order to meet the needs of army building, the state promptly put forward compulsory military service. Its main feature is the regular solicitation and regular retiring, which will allow the active forces to be adequately replenished and at the same time have a planned and well-stocked reserve of highly trained reserve personnel. In July 1955, the promulgation and implementation of the Military Service Law of the People’s Republic of China was the first military service law of New China, marking the end of the long-established system of volunteer military service. This is a major reform of the national military system. Although the compulsory military service system is a relatively reasonable military service system, some problems have arisen in practice because of lack of experience and other reasons. After the founding of New China, the compulsory military service system was amended and improved after a long period of exploration and practice around the reserve system, the militia work and the restoration of volunteer service. The military service system that accords with China was gradually established and constantly developed .