随着现代医学快速发展 ,高效、广谱抗生素及免疫抑制剂的长期、广泛使用 ,老年人口及慢性病、癌症患者的增加、大量侵入性诊疗技术的开展 ,近年来 ,医院感染 (nosocomialinfection ,NI)率有上升的趋势。它不仅增加了患者住院时间和费用 ,降低病床周转率 ,增加医务人员工作量 , With the rapid development of modern medicine, the long-term and extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents, the increase of elderly population and chronic diseases, cancer patients and the development of a large number of invasive diagnostic techniques, nosocomialinfection (NI) Rate has risen. It not only increases the patient’s hospitalization time and cost, reduces the bed turnover rate, increases the medical staff workload,