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目的调查东莞市0~14岁小儿哮喘的流行病学资料,分析危险因素,为东莞市的哮喘防治工作提供参考。方法以整群抽样的方法,获得东莞市0~14岁儿童9974人,经由统一培训的调查人员和专科医师得到哮喘的患病率,危险因素和经济负担。结果哮喘患病率为3.18%(317/9974),其中男童为3.81%(201/5273);女童为2.47%(116/4701),男女患病率之比为1.73∶1,男女患病率差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。各年龄组患病率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),其中3~6岁组患病率最高,占5.72%(180/3147)。哮喘主要危险因素为吸入过敏原、食入过敏原、呼吸道感染、吸入冷空气。哮喘儿童平均医疗费用为人民币(3047.3±980.6)元/(人·年),各年龄段无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论本次调查收集了东莞儿童哮喘的流行病学资料,为东莞地区哮喘的防治工作提供了依据。
Objective To investigate epidemiological data of asthma in children aged 0-14 in Dongguan City and analyze the risk factors to provide reference for prevention and treatment of asthma in Dongguan City. Methods By means of cluster sampling, 9974 children aged 0-14 in Dongguan were obtained. The prevalence rate, risk factors and financial burden of asthma were obtained through unified training of investigators and specialists. Results The prevalence of asthma was 3.18% (317/9974), with 3.81% (201/5273) for boys and 2.47% (116/4701) for girls, the prevalence rate of males and females was 1.73:1, Rate difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). The prevalence of each age group was statistically significant (P = 0.000), of which 3 to 6 years old group the highest prevalence, accounting for 5.72% (180/3147). The main risk factors for asthma are allergens, allergens, respiratory infections and cold air. The average medical expenses of asthmatic children were RMB (3047.3 ± 980.6) yuan / (person · year), no significant difference among all age groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion This survey collected epidemiological data of childhood asthma in Dongguan, which provided the basis for the prevention and treatment of asthma in Dongguan area.