目的了解安徽省学龄前儿童脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)抗体水平,评估脊灰疫苗免疫策略效果。方法采用系统抽样方法,调查安徽省16个县(市、区)的0~7岁年龄组的1 754名儿童,进行脊灰中和抗体水平检测。结果所有调查对象均有脊灰疫苗免疫史,96.41%的调查对象接种3~5次;调查对象脊灰中和抗体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型阳性率分别为99.43%、99.20%、98.86%;抗体几何平均滴度(geometric mean titers,GMT)分别为1∶193.40、1∶117.26、1∶85.03;98.29%的调查对象3种型别抗体均为阳性。各型间抗体阳性率和GMT差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各年龄组的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型抗体阳性率均>97%,随年龄增长抗体GMT逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);皖北、皖中、皖南地域脊灰抗体阳性率均>98%,不同地域阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),抗体GMT差异有统计学意义(除F_Ⅱ之外,P<0.05);多元分析发现年龄、地域和3种型别均阳性对抗体GMT的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论安徽省学龄前儿童脊灰抗体阳性率和几何平均滴度均保持在较高水平,通过脊灰疫苗接种,已建立牢固的脊灰免疫屏障。 Objective To understand the level of poliomyelitis antibody in preschool children in Anhui Province and evaluate the effect of polio vaccine immunization strategy. Methods A total of 1 754 children aged 0-7 years in 16 counties (cities and districts) of Anhui Province were investigated by systematic sampling method to detect the levels of neutralizing antibodies against polio. Results All subjects were immunized with poliovirus. 96.41% of the respondents were vaccinated 3 to 5 times. The positive rate of poliovirus type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 99.43%, 99.20% and 98.86% The geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 1:193.40, 1:117.26 and 1: 85.03, respectively. All three types of antibodies were positive in 98.29% of the respondents. (P <0.01). The positive rates of type I, II and III antibodies in all age groups were all higher than 97%, while the antibody GMT decreased gradually with age, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody between the two groups (P> 0.05). The positive rates of poliovirus in the areas of Wanbei, Wanzhong and Wannan were all higher than 98% (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference > 0.05). There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05) except for F_II. Multivariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in GMT between age, area and three types of antibody (P <0.01) . Conclusions The positive rate and geometric mean titer of poliovirus in preschool children in Anhui Province are all kept at a high level. By polio vaccination, a solid polio immune barrier has been established.