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目的分析一起流行性腮腺炎(流腮)爆发原因,评价防控效果。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,对一所农村小学2013年9~12月之间流腮病例开展流行病学调查,研究发病的危险因素。结果在698名学生中,共发生流腮152例,罹患率21.78%,无死亡病例。乘校车学生的感染危险是其他学生的1.76倍,校车传播是本次流腮流行的起因。病例未及时隔离、班级内密切接触致使疫情蔓延。学校传染病防控工作薄弱。乡镇卫生院疾病监测敏感性差。学生流腮疫苗接种率低,接种1剂次疫苗的保护效果有限。结论校车、教室密切接触传播是本次流腮爆发的危险因素。落实消毒通风、严格疫情报告、开展预防接种证查验、提高流腮疫苗接种率是控制学校流腮爆发和流行的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the causes of the outbreak of mumps and evaluate the prevention and control effects. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate epidemiological investigation of mumps in a rural primary school from September to December 2013 and to study the risk factors of the disease. Results Among the 698 students, 152 cases of cheeks occurred, with an attack rate of 21.78% and no deaths. The risk of infection by school bus students is 1.76 times that of other students, and the spread of school bus is the cause of this epidemic. Cases are not isolated in time, close contact within the class led to the spread of the epidemic. Prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools is weak. Township hospitals disease monitoring sensitivity is poor. Student mumps vaccine vaccination rate is low, vaccination 1 dose of vaccine protection is limited. Conclusions School bus, classroom close contact transmission is the risk factor for the outbreak of flow gills. Implementation of disinfection and ventilation, strict reporting of epidemics, vaccination certificate to carry out tests to improve the mumps vaccination rate is to control the school flow gills outbreaks and epidemic of effective measures.