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应用传统统计,并采用地理信息系统(GIS)与地统计学相结合的方法,初步研究了密云水库一级保护区0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm耕层和亚耕层土壤Cu、As、Pb、Ni、Cd、Hg、Zn等重金属的空间分布规律、垂直空间分布规律及其污染特征,结果表明:各层土壤重金属含量空间变异程度均为中等,它们具有一定的空间自相关格局,其含量虽然受到人为因素的影响,但还没有达到破坏其原有空间格局的程度;采用Kriging最优内插法得到了一级保护区内土壤养分含量的空间分布图,表明:研究区土壤不同层次上除Ni外,Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn、As、Pb具有相似的空间变异特征,表现为北高而东南低的空间分布格局。Hg、Cd、As三种重金属分别在白河流域及其支流不同土壤层次上的空间集中分布更为明显,这与白河流域矿产活动频繁及水土流失有关,而与干鲜果园、菜地、大田、消落地等不同的农地利用类型无关;根据地累积指数法评价表明,密云水库一级保护区内Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Zn等重金属尚未造成污染,而Cd已造成中度污染到强污染,而且Cd在亚表层出现了富集现象,应引起有关部门重视,加强管理和执法力度,防止盗采现象发生,做好一级保护区上游矿区环境的监测,及时进行尾矿修复治理工作。
Based on the traditional statistics and the combination of GIS and geostatistics, the preliminary study of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm tillage and sub-tillage The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metals in soils was medium and they had a certain amount of space The autocorrelation pattern, although its content is affected by human factors, has not yet reached the level of destroying the original spatial pattern. The Kriging optimal interpolation method was used to obtain the spatial distribution of soil nutrient content in the first-grade protected areas, In addition to Ni, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, As and Pb have similar spatial variability at different soil layers in the study area, showing the spatial pattern of north high and southeast low. The spatial distribution of Hg, Cd and As in three different heavy metals in Baihe River Basin and its tributaries is more obvious, which is related to frequent mineral activities and water and soil loss in Baihe River Basin. However, According to the Cumulative Index Method, it is indicated that heavy metals such as Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn and other heavy metals in Miyun Reservoir No.1 Protected Area have not caused pollution yet, and Cd has caused moderate pollution to Strong pollution, and Cd in the subsurface enrichment phenomenon should be caused by the relevant departments to pay attention to strengthen management and law enforcement efforts to prevent the occurrence of robbery and mining, do a good job in the upper reaches of the protected area upstream mine environment monitoring, timely tailings remediation management jobs.