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目的:认识影响大学生骨密度的各种生活因子,以便指导大学生提高骨密度,预防骨质疏松症的发生。方法:于2005-07/08选择延边大学医学院在校生自愿者638人,其中朝鲜族男生130人,朝鲜族女生110人,汉族男生196人,汉族女生202人。采用问卷调查方式,调查内容包括被调查者的自然状况、饮食、运动情况及其他与骨密度有关的生活方式。同时对调查对象进行右足跟骨骨密度测定。综合骨评价值=透过指数×超声波传导速度。结果:纳入受试对象638人,均进入结果分析。①汉族男生的综合骨评价值明显低于朝鲜族男生(分别为3.0±0.4,3.2±0.4,P<0.05),女生不存在民族差异。②男生的生活方式与骨密度的关系:注意平衡膳食及摄取充足的豆制品有利于骨密度提高(t=10.693,P<0.01;t=2.483,P<0.05);进行定期的运动(足球、篮球、排球、网球等球类运动和使用健身器)以及中学时期除了上体育课之外进行过体育运动能明显提高骨密度(t=10.693,P<0.01;t=1.998,P<0.05);有骨折史的学生骨密度明显低于无骨折史的学生(t=2.028,P<0.05)。③女生的生活方式与骨密度的关系:经常不吃早餐的学生骨密度低于按时吃早餐的学生(t=6.600,P<0.01);注意均衡饮食和进行定期运动的学生骨密度明显高于不注意均衡饮食和不做定期运动的学生(t=4.149,P<0.01;t=2.992,P<0.01)。③女生中也表现出有骨折史的学生骨密度显著低于无骨折史的学生(t=1.965,P<0.05)。结论:影响大学生骨密度的因素有骨折史、定期运动、均衡饮食、豆制品摄取。
OBJECTIVE: To identify the various life factors affecting college students’ bone mineral density in order to guide the university students to increase bone mineral density and prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 638 volunteers were enrolled in the medical school of Yanbian University from July 2005 to August 2008. Among them, 130 were Korean boys, 110 were Korean girls, 192 were Han boys, and 202 were Han girls. Questionnaires were used to investigate the natural conditions, diet, exercise, and other lifestyles related to bone mineral density. At the same time, the right heel bone mineral density was measured on the subjects. Synthetic bone evaluation value = transmission index × ultrasonic conduction velocity. Results: 638 subjects were included in the analysis. The comprehensive bone evaluation value of Han boys was significantly lower than Korean boys (3.0±0.4, 3.2±0.4, P<0.05, respectively), and there was no ethnic difference among girls. 2 Relationship between boys’ lifestyle and bone density: Attention to balanced diet and adequate intake of soy products is beneficial to increase bone density (t=10.693, P<0.01; t=2.483, P<0.05); regular exercise (soccer, Basketball, volleyball, tennis and other ball games and use of fitness equipment) and physical exercise in addition to physical education during the middle school period can significantly increase bone mineral density (t=10.693, P<0.01; t=1.998, P<0.05); The bone density of students with fracture history was significantly lower than that without fracture history (t=2.028, P<0.05). 3 The relationship between girls’ lifestyle and bone mineral density: Students who regularly skipped breakfast had lower BMD than those who took breakfast on time (t=6.600, P<0.01); attention was paid to the higher BMD of the students with balanced diet and regular exercise. Students who did not pay attention to a balanced diet and did not do regular exercise (t = 4.149, P <0.01; t = 2.992, P <0.01). 3 Female students who had fracture history also showed significantly lower bone density than those without history (t=1.965, P<0.05). Conclusion: The factors affecting the bone mineral density of college students include fracture history, regular exercise, balanced diet, and bean product intake.