尊福敬宗、敦乡睦里——葬丧仪式中的音乐功能(一)

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葬礼不仅体现着晚辈对祖先的怀念追穆,隐含着祈获先祖亡灵护佑的原始心愿,更重要的是:它是一个以血缘关系为纽带的宗法制社区中,确立祖先地位、平衡乡族关系、稳定邻里秩序的重要仪式。尊祖敬宗,敦乡睦里,是贯串于葬丧仪式中的精神主旨。此种场合中的音乐功能,也意在于此。古代繁缛的我生礼仪,随时代变迁而删繁就简,宗祠中的祭祖仪式,随着宗畿宗族制度的淡化,渐与葬丧仪式合而为一。两类仪式中的音乐,即举哀致孝的曲目,族我聚集、风格祥和的曲目,保持着原有功能,并置于同一仪规之中。
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