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采用共沉淀法制备固体碱催化剂MgO/ZrO2,并以此催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考察MgO含量和催化剂焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,以及优化酯交换反应的工艺条件,结果表明:在MgO质量分数为15%、焙烧温度700℃、反应时间3 h、反应温度60℃,醇油物质的量比12∶1和催化剂用量为大豆油质量的3%的条件下,生物柴油的产率可以达到82%以上。该催化剂对酯交换反应具有较高的催化活性和较好的稳定性。
The solid base catalyst MgO / ZrO2 was prepared by co-precipitation method, and biodiesel was prepared by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The effects of MgO content and catalyst calcination temperature on the catalyst activity and the optimization of transesterification conditions were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the transesterification reaction were 15% MgO, 700 ℃ calcination temperature, 3 h reaction time, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, Biodiesel can yield 82% or more of the biodiesel under the condition of 12: 1 molar ratio of catalyst and 3% catalyst mass of soybean oil. The catalyst has high catalytic activity and good stability to transesterification reaction.