腹膜透析是终末期肾病患者的肾脏替代治疗方法之。胸腹瘘是腹膜透析患者少见但严重的并发症之一,可能的致病机制包括先天性横膈发育异常、淋巴引流和胸腹腔压力梯度。部分患者无明显临床症状,或突然出现胸闷、气短,超滤量下降及胸痛,诊断方法包括胸水中异常增高的葡萄糖浓度、亚甲蓝实验或者X线胸片、CT、MRI、放射性核素检查等。维持性腹膜透析患者出现胸腹瘘,半数需改为血液透析。因此,及时准确地诊断胸腹瘘有重要意义。 Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative to kidney treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease. Fistula is one of the rare but serious complications of peritoneal dialysis. Possible pathogenic mechanisms include congenital diaphragmatic dysplasia, lymphatic drainage and thoracoabdominal pressure gradient. Some patients have no obvious clinical symptoms, or sudden chest tightness, shortness of breath, decreased ultrafiltration and chest pain, diagnostic methods include abnormally elevated pleural fluid glucose concentration, methylene blue test or X-ray, CT, MRI, radionuclide examination Wait. Patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis appear thoracic fistula, half need to be replaced by hemodialysis. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis of abdominal fat fistula is of great significance.