省制是政治制度中的一个重要问题。民初 ,各方围绕省制问题展开激烈斗争。民初各方关于省制问题的争论 ,主要集中在以下几个问题 :在中国实行联邦制或中央集权制 ;省之存废问题 ;军民是否实行分治问题 ;省长是民选或简任问题。关于这些问题的争论 ,不纯是一个学理问题 ,它与各方利益密切相关。大致而言 ,赞成中央集权 ,拥袁者 ,多主张废省或虚省 ,实行军民分治 ,省长由中央简任。赞成分权 ,反袁者 ,多反对废省 ,反对军民分治 ,主张省长民选。但这也不是一个绝对的标准。主张中央集权 ,赞成军民分治者 ,并不一定都拥袁。这需要具体问题具体分析。只有如此 ,才能确知各派主张背后的实质意图 Provincial system is an important issue in the political system. At the beginning of the Republic of China, all parties fought a fierce struggle on the issue of provincial system. The controversy over the issue of provincial system in the early years of the Republic of China mainly focused on the following issues: the implementation of federalism or centralized system in China; the question of the existence and abolition of the province; the question whether the military and civilian government should be divided or not; . The debate on these issues, impure is a problem of learning, it is closely related to the interests of all parties. Generally speaking, in favor of centralized power and ownership of the people, they advocate that the waste provinces or the emptiness provinces should be ruled by more and more, and that the governor should be replaced by the central government. In favor of decentralization, anti-Yuan who, more opposition to waste provinces, against the division of civil and military, advocates governor elected. But this is not an absolute standard either. Advocating centralization, in favor of the military and civilian rulers, are not necessarily owned by Yuan. This requires specific analysis of specific issues. Only in this way can we be sure of the real intentions behind the various claims