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叠后地震反演技术自提出以来,在储层预测和评价、油藏特征描述等方面得到了广泛的应用.叠后地震反演可以相对快速地将地震波形信息转换为具有地质意义的波阻抗等信息,指导储层的识别与刻画.因此叠后地震反演技术在油气勘探中发挥了十分重要的作用.本文首先就叠后地震反演技术的起源、分类做了简要介绍;然后对影响反演结果的因素进行了归纳,总结出叠后地震反演结果主要受地震频带宽度、子波、地质层位和井信息这4种因素的影响,并系统梳理总结了每种影响因素在叠后地震反演中发挥的作用和目前在优化反演结果中所用的方法和技术;接着分析了反演过程中构建的低频和高频分量是造成叠后地震反演多解性的主要原因,介绍了相关研究成果;最后点明了现阶段叠后地震反演技术存在的问题并展望了其发展趋势.
Post-stack seismic inversion has been widely used in reservoir prediction and evaluation, reservoir characterization, etc. Since its foundation, post-stack seismic inversion can convert seismic waveform information into geologically significant wave impedance And other information to guide the identification and characterization of the reservoir.Therefore, the post-stack seismic inversion technology plays an important role in the exploration of oil and gas.At first, this paper briefly introduces the origin and classification of post-earthquake seismic inversion technology, The factors of inversion results are summarized. The results of post-stack seismic inversion are mainly affected by four factors: seismic frequency band width, wavelet, geologic horizon and well information, and systematically summed up the impact of each of the factors in the stack Post-seismic inversion and the methods and techniques currently used in the optimization of inversion results. Then, the main reasons for the post-stack seismic inversion multi-solution are analyzed after the inversion of low-frequency and high-frequency components. The related research results are introduced. Finally, the problems existing in the post-stack seismic inversion technology at the present stage are pointed out and their development trends are prospected.