描述了轮轴压装损伤的宏观特征是鱼鳞片带和挤压包,微观特征是粘着纹、流变层和微观鱼鳞片;介绍了轮轴压装损伤模拟试验;研究结果说明:严重压装损伤的物理本质是车轴轮座和车轮轮毂孔的压装接触面未形成良好的润滑油膜,或者润滑油膜被破坏,造成压装推进过程中滑动摩擦转变为“粘着效应”所致。 The macroscopic features of the wheel axle compression damage are described as the fish scale belt and the squeeze bag, the microscopic features are the adhesion pattern, the rheological layer and the microscopic fish scale. The simulation test of the wheel axle presser damage is introduced. The results show that: The physical essence is that the contact surface between the wheel axle seat and wheel hub bore does not form a good lubricating oil film or the lubricating oil film is damaged, which causes the sliding friction to change into the “sticking effect” during the pushing process.