记得改革开放初期,有部门领导同志在布置工作时说,雇工8人以上者是私营企业主,雇工7人以下者是个体户,这是马克思定的标准。随后不久,有多个文件规定个体经济的标准,一般是一人经营或家庭经营,必要时请一至两个帮手,技术性较强的可以带两三个最多不超过5个学徒。这样两个帮手加5个学徒,最多7人,正好与上述同志所说的雇工标准相同。这就是后来一段长时期里,在一些人的认识和在工商管理中,把是否达到雇工8人作为划分私营经济和个体经济标准的来由。 其实这不是马克思定的标准,而是对马克思《资本论》第一卷第九章论述的明显误解。马克思是在详细解释一个人既自己劳动 I remember the early days of reform and opening up, some department leaders commented in the layout of their work that more than 8 employees were private entrepreneurs, employing less than 7 were self-employed, which is Marx’s standard. Soon afterwards, there were several documents that set the standard for an individual economy, usually one person or family run, one or two helpers if necessary, and two or three and no more than five apprentices with the most technical skills. Such two helpers plus five apprentices and a maximum of seven people coincide with the same standards as those mentioned by comrades mentioned above. This is the reason for a long period of time when some people knew and in business administration whether they had reached 8 as a standard for dividing the privately-owned economy and individual economy. In fact, this is not the standard set by Marx, but a clear misunderstanding of the ninth chapter of Marx’s Capital Theory. Marx explained in detail one’s own labor