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【研究目的】为发掘利用CIMMYT牧草生长繁茂和抗逆能力强等优良遗传特性,改良普通玉米材料的抗逆性和创制新型饲草材料。【方法】以CIMMYT牧草和4个普通玉米自交系为遗传交配材料,比较研究了CIMMYT牧草和4个杂交(回交)后代材料的植物学形态特征及其与普通玉米的差异。【结果】CIMMYT牧草能将其生长繁茂、分蘖力强、生物产量高的特性遗传给杂交后代材料,并有较强的世代传递能力;该牧草幼苗、植株及其生长习性、花器官、种子特征等与普通玉米差异明显,其与普通玉米的杂交后代基本保持了它的生长发育特性,但花器官和种子特征更偏向于普通玉米;回交后代除保持了一定的分蘖特性、明显的多穗和返祖现象外,其余特征特性与普通玉米基本没有区别。【结论】CIMMYT牧草生长繁茂和生物产量高的特性能遗传给杂交后代,世代传递能力较强,通过遗传改良途径,能将CIM-MYT牧草的优良特性转育到普通玉米中,培育出饲草玉米育种新材料。
【Research purposes】 In order to explore the use of CIMMYT pasture lush growth and resilience and other excellent genetic characteristics, improve the resilience of common maize materials and create new forage materials. 【Method】 CIMMYT pasture and four common maize inbred lines were used as genetic mating materials to compare the differences of botanic characteristics between CIMMYT pasture and four hybrid (backcross) offspring materials with that of common maize. 【Result】 CIMMYT pasture could inherit the characteristics of its hybrids and its ability to transmit from one generation to the next. The herbage plants, growth habit, floral organs and seed characteristics And other common maize obvious difference, its hybrid with ordinary maize basically maintained its growth and development characteristics, but the characteristics of flowers and organs and seeds tend to be more common maize; backcross progeny in addition to maintain a certain degree of tillering characteristics, significantly more panicle And return to ancestral phenomenon, the rest of the characteristics and the basic common maize no difference. 【Conclusion】 CIMMYT forage grass has the characteristics of lush growth and high biological yield, which can be inherited to hybrid progeny. The ability of generation transfer is strong. Through the genetic improvement, the excellent characteristics of CIM-MYT forage can be transferred to common maize and forage Corn breeding new material.