本文通过对大豆早熟性基因源的鉴定分析,极早熟品种在个体发育中生育期与各生育阶段的相关性测定以及早熟性遗传变异规律的研究,结合超早熟育种实践,指出超早熟育种首要问题是自不同生态区最广泛地搜集血缘关系较远的极早熟或早熟品种(000或00成熟期组)。经系统鉴定,筛选双亲生育日数差值小、花期短、鼓粒快、株体繁茂、中日性、耐低温和极早熟种质资源作亲本。以极早熟、丰产、杭病品种间杂交为最佳组合方式,通过有性杂交获得早熟性基因累加超亲遗传个体,从而创造更早熟的杂交后代材料,于F_2和F_3世代,以早熟、抗病性为主进行混合选择,严格淘汰晚熟、感病组合及单株。F_4世代以丰产性为主,从早熟,抗病后代群体中大量选拔丰产单株,下年进行株系鉴定。并指出,50°N高寒地区建立选育基地,在当地生态条件下进行选育,更有利于超早熟品种的育成。 In this paper, the identification of the source of soybean early maturity, the very early maturing varieties in the individual development of the reproductive stage and the correlation between the various stages of development and genetic variation of precocious law study, combined with ultra-precocious breeding practice, pointed out that the most premature breeding breeding problems It is the most premature or precocious cultivar (000 or 00 mature group) that has the most extensive association with distant kinship in different ecoregions. According to the system identification, the differences of breeding days between parents were small, the flowering period was short, the drums were fast, and the plants were lush, medium, low temperature and very early germplasm resources were used as parents. With the combination of extremely early maturity, high yielding, and Hang disease, the hybrids were the best combinations to obtain the premature maturity gene accumulation of super-progeny individuals through sexual crosses, thereby creating a more mature hybrid progeny material. In F_2 and F_3 generations, Disease-based mixed selection, strict elimination of late-maturity, susceptible combination and single plant. F_4 generation mainly in high yield, from early maturing, disease-resistant offspring large number of single-selection of large groups of individuals, the next year for identification of strains. And pointed out that 50 ° N alpine region to establish breeding base, under the local ecological conditions breeding, more conducive to bred early ultra-mature varieties.