本文描叙了非洲、东南亚和南美洲32种油棕病害的分布、经济重要性、病原学和防治。其中有9种重要病害,19种次要病害,4种营养缺乏症。造成严重经济损失的主要病害,在非洲有雀斑病(Cercospora elaedidis)、苗疫病(华丽腐霉Pythium splendens和Rhizoctonia lamellifera)、维管萎蔫病(油棕尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis)、灵芝菌茎腐病(Ganoderma spp.)和蜜环菌茎腐病(Armillaria mellea);在东南亚有灵芝菌茎腐病、茄伏革菌叶腐病(Corticium solani)、小皮伞菌腐病(Marasmius palmivora);在南美洲有突发性萎蔫病和枪叶腐烂病。这些地区记载的次要病害,在非洲有炭疽病(掌状球二孢Botryodiplodia palmarum,黑盘孢菌Melanconium sp.和围小丛壳Glomerella cingulata)、茎基干腐病(奇异长喙壳Ceratocystis paradoxis)、斑块黄化病(尖镰孢)、树冠病、Cylindrocladium叶斑病(C. macrosporum)、藻斑病(Cephaleuros virescens)、古铜条斑病、环斑病和小叶病;在东南亚有弯孢叶疫病(Curvularia eragrostidis)、小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria)、叶斑病(Pestalotiopsis spp.)、传染性褪绿病、高茎腐病(有害木层孔菌Phellinus noxius)、茎干湿腐病、黑基腐病;在南美洲有小球腔菌叶斑病和椰子萎蔫病。然而,对于泰国、巴布亚新几内亚、印度和斯里兰卡这些较小、但发展迅速的油棕植区的病害问题,了解得很少。怀疑传染性褪绿病、古铜条斑病和环斑病的病原是病毒;认为小叶病、枪叶腐烂病和茎干湿腐病是细菌引起的,叶片褪绿病、中部树冠黄化病、橙叶病和钩叶病是营养缺乏症。某些次要病害,包括幼芽褐斑病、树冠病和几种其他病态的病原学尚不清楚。已经研究出了以施用各种药剂为基础的防治叶病的有效措施;但是在茎干病和根病方面,除预防性栽培措施外,还没有这样有效而实用的防治措施。对后一类病害,大田移栽抗病的或耐病的品种似乎是最好的防治方法。尼日利亚油棕研究所、象牙海岸油料油脂研究所和喀麦隆尤尼莱沃(Unilever)种植园正在以商业规模生产耐维管萎蔫病的种子。这些努力还需要辅之以选育抗其他主要病害的品种。 This article describes the distribution, economic importance, etiology and control of 32 palm oil diseases in Africa, South-East Asia and South America. There are 9 important diseases, 19 minor diseases and 4 nutritional deficiencies. Cercospora elaididis, Mosaic disease (Pythium splendens and Rhizoctonia lamellifera), Vascular wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Elaeidis), a major disease causing serious economic damage, Ganoderma spp. And Armillaria mellea; Ganoderma lucidum stalk rot, Corticium solani, Marasmius palmivora); Sudden wilt disease and gun leaf decay in South America. Secondary diseases recorded in these areas include Anthrax in Africa (Botryodiplodia palmarum, Melanconium sp. And Glomerella cingulata), stem-root rot (Ceratocystis paradoxis) (Fusarium oxysporum), crown disease, Cylindrocladium leaf spot (C. macrosporum), Cephaleuros virescens, bronchi leaf spot, ring spot and leaflet disease; in Southeast Asia Curvularia eragrostidis, Leptosphaeria, Pestalotiopsis spp., Infectious chlorotic, Stalk rot (Phellinus noxius), Stem wet rot , Black-rot disease; lobular and cocoon wilt in South America. However, little is known about the diseases of the smaller, but rapidly growing oil palm plantations of Thailand, Papua New Guinea, India and Sri Lanka. Suspected contagious chlorosis, bronchoporphyza and ring spot disease is a virus; that leaflet disease, gun leaf rot and stem wet rot disease is caused by bacteria, leaf chlorosis, central crown yellow disease , Orange leaf disease and hook leaf disease are nutritional deficiencies. Some minor diseases, including young leaf spot, crown disease and several other morbid etiologies are unclear. Effective measures for controlling leaf blight based on the application of various medicaments have been developed; however, there is no such effective and practical preventive and control measures for stem and root diseases apart from preventive cultivation measures. For the latter type of disease, transplanting disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties in the field seems to be the best method of control. The Nigerian Oil Palm Institute, the Ivorian Oilseed Oil Institute and the Unilever Plantation in Cameroon are producing seeds of resistant vascular wilt disease on a commercial scale. These efforts also need to be complemented by the selection of breeds against other major diseases.