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以 7个细胞质雄性不育系及相应保持系和 4个恢复系 ,按NCⅡ交配设计配成 7× 4 =2 8个F1杂种 ,研究了 12个数量性状 ,即株高 (PH)、穗长 (SL)、穗下节间长 (IL)、每株穗数 (SP)、主穗粒数 (KMS)、每株粒数 (KP)、每株粒重 (KWP)、每株干重 (DWP)、千粒重 (KW)、籽粒产量 (KY)、籽粒蛋白质含量 (PC)和赖氨酸含量 (LP)的杂种优势表现。以杂种离中亲优势值Hm 和超优亲优势值Hb 作为杂种优势大小的指标 ,以显著的Hm 和Hb 的出现率作为一个性状杂种优势潜力的指标。结果表明 :Hm 较为普遍 ,正、负向显著的Hm 出现率分别为 4 6 %和 12 %。然而 ,显著的Hb 出现率平均仅为 2 8% ;其变化范围是 0～ 79% ,随性状而异。本研究中可推荐的强优势组合是 3× 10和 6× 8,它们分别属于六棱×六棱和二棱×二棱的杂交类型。在这两种杂交类型中 ,似乎要比在六棱×二棱和二棱×六棱的杂交类型中更容易选得强优势杂种。文中对杂种优势和遗传效应的关系也作了简要讨论。
Seven cytoplasmic male sterile lines and their corresponding maintainer lines and four restorer lines were planted according to the NCⅡ mating design to form 7 × 4 = 2 8 F1 hybrids. Twelve quantitative traits, ie, plant height (PH), spike length SL, Spike internodes (IL), Spike number per plant (SP), KMS, KP, KWP and dry weight per plant DWP, KW weight, grain yield KY, grain protein content (PC) and lysine content (LP). The heterosis Hm and superhigh-pro-dominant Hb were used as the indicators of heterosis size, and the appearance of significant Hm and Hb was used as an index of the heterosis potential of a trait. The results show that: Hm is more common, positive and negative significant Hm occurrence rates were 46% and 12%. However, a significant Hb incidence rate averaged only 28%; its range of variation was 0-79% and varied with traits. In this study, we can recommend strong dominant combinations of 3 × 10 and 6 × 8, which belong to six-sided × six-sided and two-sided × two-sided hybrids. In both types of hybrids, it appears that the more strongly heterotic hybrids are more likely to be selected than those of the six-sided × two-sided and two-sided × six-sided hybrids. The article also briefly discussed the relationship between heterosis and genetic effects.