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对同胎龄的神经管缺陷儿（无脑儿及脑脊膜膨出）与正常胎儿气管壁的结构进行比较。结果表明，神经管缺陷儿气管壁的发育均比同胎龄正常儿差。正常胎儿在14W左右，气管壁的三层结构即可分清，粘膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状，但纤维较短，粘膜下层有少量腺体，外膜的软骨片排列成“C”形。随着胎龄的增加，气管壁的结构不断完善，正常胎儿在28W左右，气管粘膜的假复层纤毛柱状中皮发育如成人，纤毛高大，清晰而密集，粘膜下层可见较典型的气管腺，外膜的软骨片大部分融合成“C”形。神经管缺陷儿在20W左右才可分出气管壁的三层结构，粘膜的上皮明显发育不良，在38W时，假复层纤毛柱状上皮顶部的纤毛仍不典型，粘膜下层的膝体及外膜的透明软骨片均比同胎龄正常儿少。结果提示，中枢神经系统的发育对气管的发育有重要影响。
The structure of the normal fetal tracheal wall was compared with those with neural tube defect (anencephaly and meningocele) of the same gestational age. The results showed that the development of the tracheal wall of neural tube defects were worse than those with normal gestational age. The normal fetus at 14W or so, the three-layer structure of the tracheal wall can be divided, mucosal epithelium pseudostratified ciliated columnar, but the fiber is short, a small amount of submucosa glands, cartilage sheet adventitia arranged in a “C” shape. With the increase of gestational age, the structure of the tracheal wall has been continuously improved. The normal fetus is about 28W. The pseudostratified cilia of the tracheal mucosa develop like a ciliated columnar mid-adult. The cilia are tall, clear and dense. The submucosa shows more typical tracheal glands, Most of the adventitial cartilage sheet fused into a “C” shape. Neural tube defects in children about 20W can be divided into three-tier structure of the tracheal wall, mucosal epithelial obvious dysplasia, at 38W, the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cilia at the top is still not typical, the submucosa of the knee and outer membrane Of the transparent cartilage are less than normal children with gestational age. The results suggest that the development of the central nervous system has an important influence on the development of the trachea.