2008年全国文综卷Ⅰ第37题考查了中国唐代科举制与英国文官选拔制度之比较。事实上,英国近代文官制度的确立深受中国古代科举制的影响,是中西方政治文明交流融合的历史见证。本文从中西方文化交流的角度略谈中国古代科举制的西传及对欧洲尤其是英国文官制度确立的影响。 2008 National Paper Volume Ⅰ 37 questions examines the comparison of the system of civil service examinations in the Tang Dynasty and the British civil service selection system. In fact, the establishment of the British civil service system was deeply influenced by the ancient Chinese imperial examination system and was the historical witness of the exchange and integration of political civilization between China and the West. This article discusses the Western tradition of the Chinese imperial examination system and the influence on the establishment of the civil service system in Europe, especially the British, from the perspective of cultural exchange between China and Western countries.