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入侵病毒的探知和适应性免疫应答启动均依靠固有免疫系统。三种模式识别受体(PRRs)在宿主防御系统第一线占据极其重要地位:Toll样受体、维甲酸诱导基因I样受体、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体。PRRs识别病原相关分子模式(PAMP)或危险信号分子模式(DAMPs)启动和调节固有免疫和适应性免疫应答。每种PRR都有单独的识别配体和细胞定位。激活的PRRs将信号分子传递给其配体分子(MyD88,TRIF,IRAK,IPS-1),配体活化后作为信使激活信号途径下游激酶(IKK复合物,MAPKs,TBK1,RIP-1)和转录因子(NF-κB,AP-1,IRF3),最终产生细胞因子、趋化因子、促炎细胞因子和I型干扰素。本文重点讨论PRRs信号通路及该领域取得的成果,以期为人类健康和免疫疾病防治提供策略。
Detection of the invading virus and initiation of an adaptive immune response rely on the innate immune system. Three pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) occupy an extremely important position in the host defense system: Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-induced gene-like receptors, and nucleotide-binding oligomer domain-like receptors. PRRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or dangerous signal molecular patterns (DAMPs) to initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Each PRR has a separate recognition ligand and cellular localization. Activated PRRs deliver signaling molecules to their ligand molecules (MyD88, TRIF, IRAK, IPS-1), which act as messenger activation signaling downstream kinases (IKK complexes, MAPKs, TBK1, RIP-1) Factors (NF-κB, AP-1, IRF3) eventually produce cytokines, chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. This article focuses on the PRRs signaling pathway and the results achieved in this area, with a view to providing strategies for the prevention and treatment of human health and immune diseases.