情境模型与问题模型是数学问题解决研究中的两个重要概念,前者是对问题所述情境的日常化的定性表征,后者是基于图式知识对问题关键变量的数量关系表征。本文介绍了两种模型的发展历史以及目前存在的争议,并提出未来研究需要解决的问题。 Situation models and problem models are two important concepts in the study of mathematical problem solving. The former is the qualitative characterization of the daily situation of the problem. The latter is based on the quantification of the relationship between the key variables and the schema knowledge. This paper introduces the history of the development of the two models as well as the current controversies, and puts forward the problems to be solved in the future research.