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清代戏剧家蒋士铨的剧作《桂林霜》对考察清初汉族人的身份转变具有重要意义。该剧描写清初三藩乱中广西巡抚马雄镇阖家殉难的事迹。通过考察各种历史文献还原出马氏家族从明朝忠臣到清朝忠臣的转变,揭示出其中的身份转换和认同变化,可以发现从明清鼎革到《桂林霜》成书这百年间,民间和官方通过建立统一忠臣谱系来掩盖族群矛盾的伤痕,从而塑造出新的国家记忆。
The play “Guilin Frost”, a play by Jiang Shunching, a dramatist of the Qing Dynasty, is of great significance for the investigation of the status change of Han Chinese in the early Qing Dynasty. The play depicts the martyrdom of the martyrdom family matriarch Guangxi Governor Ma Xunzhen during the chaos in the early Qing Dynasty. Through examining various historical documents, this paper restores the transformation of the Ma family from loyal minister of the Ming Dynasty to loyal minister of the Qing Dynasty, and reveals the change of identity and identification among them. From the Ming and Qing dynasties to the publication of Guilin Cream, Through the establishment of a unified loyal pedigree to cover the scars of ethnic conflicts, so as to create a new national memory.