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【编者按】水是世界上最宝贵的资源之一,是生命之源。获得安全饮用水是人类生存的基本需求,饮用水安全问题研究是影响国家安全、社会稳定和人民身体健康的重大课题。3月22日,第十五届世界水日的主题为“应对水危机”。据介绍,全世界约有12亿人缺乏安全饮用水,每年有300多万人死于不洁饮用水直接引发的各种疾病。联合国每3年发表一次的《世界水资源开发报告》是对全球淡水资源进行的最全面评估,去年的报告中指出,全球用水量在20世纪增加了6倍,其增长速度是人口增速的两倍。由于管理不善、资源匮乏、环境变化及基础设施投入不足等原因,全球约有11亿人无法获得安全的饮用水,26亿人缺乏基本卫生设施。同时,水污染也进一步蚕食着大量可供饮用的水资源,危害人类的健康。全球每年有310万人因饮用不洁水患病而死亡,其中近90%是不满5岁的儿童。
[Editor’s note] Water is one of the world’s most precious resources and the source of life. Access to safe drinking water is a basic requirement for human survival. Research on drinking water safety issues is a major issue that affects national security, social stability and people’s health. On March 22, the theme of the 15th World Water Day was “Coping with the Water Crisis”. According to reports, about 1.2 billion people in the world lack access to safe drinking water, and more than 3 million people die each year from diseases directly caused by unclean drinking water. The “World Water Development Report” issued by the United Nations every three years is the most comprehensive assessment of global freshwater resources. Last year’s report pointed out that global water use has increased six-fold in the 20th century, and its growth rate is the population growth rate. double. Due to poor management, lack of resources, changes in the environment and inadequate investment in infrastructure, there are 1.1 billion people in the world who do not have access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation facilities. At the same time, water pollution further erodes a large amount of potable water resources and endangers human health. Each year, 3.1 million people worldwide die of unclean water and nearly 90% of them are children under the age of 5.