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目的：探讨空间辨别性学习记忆活动与突触可塑性的关系。方法：用免疫组织化学方法对具有空间辨别性学习记忆功能的模型大鼠与对照组大鼠海马结构内突触素互的表达进行对比研究。结果：（１）对照组大鼠海马结构内未见明显的突触素颗粒产物；在模型组，经水迷宫训练１周的大鼠海马切片上见到齿状回、ＣＡ４和ＣＡ３区出现深染的颗粒分布，ＣＡ２和ＣＡ１区颗粒较少；训练２周的大鼠海马结构内的染色显示颗粒与训练１周的比较无明显差异，但染色加深；（２）模型组大鼠的突触素反应产物的光密度值明显大于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；模型组大鼠海马结构内突触素光密度值在训练的１～２周内随训练时间增加而增加，训练２～３周则增加不明显；模型组大鼠海马结构ＣＡ３、ＣＡ４区和齿状回突触素反应产物的光密度值较ＣＡ１和ＣＡ２区的大，差异有显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：（１）大鼠经水迷宫训练获得空间辨别性学习记忆功能时在海马结构内有新突触形成；（２）海马结构的ＣＡ３、ＣＡ４区和齿状回与空间辨别性学习记忆的关系密切。
Objective: To explore the relationship between spatial discriminative learning and memory activities and synaptic plasticity. Methods: The expression of synaptophysin in hippocampal formation of model rats with spatial discrimination learning and memory function was compared with that of control rats by immunohistochemical method. Results: (1) There were no obvious synaptophysin granules in the hippocampal formation in the control group. In the model group, the dentate gyrus was found in the hippocampal slices of the rats subjected to water maze training for 1 week. The CA4 and CA3 regions appeared deep The staining of hippocampus in CA2 and CA1 area was less than that in CA2 and CA1 area. The staining of hippocampal formation in 2 weeks of training showed no significant difference compared with 1 week of training, but the staining was deepened. (2) The synapse The optical density of the reaction product was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The optical density of synaptophysin in the hippocampus of model group increased with training time within 1-2 weeks of training, (P <0.05). Compared with CA1 and CA2, the optical density of CA3, CA4 and dentate synaptophysin in hippocampal formation in model group was significantly higher than that in CA1 and CA2 (P <0.05). Conclusions: (1) New synapses were formed in hippocampal formation when rats were trained by water maze to acquire spatial discriminative learning and memory function. (2) CA3 and CA4 regions of hippocampus and dentate gyrus and spatial discriminative learning and memory Close relationship.