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本文在系统考察美国弗吉尼亚州3处国父故居的建筑保护过程的基础上,比较从1850年代至今美国对于“伟人故居博物馆”这一类型在保护思想和方法上的变化与延续。美国早期的建筑保护运动显示了两个重要特征,即其为民间发起且女性在其中发挥了主导作用,文中3个案例皆与之相关。向公众灌输爱国思想和培育公民意识是美国历史建筑保护兴起的根本原因,对国父故居的保护既是这一思想形成的起点和集中体现,也反映出建筑保护在美国的国家建构和民族认同过程中的重要作用。
On the basis of systematic review of the building protection process of the three Former Residences of Virginia in the United States, this essay compares the change and continuation of the “Great Museum of the Former Residence” in the protection ideology and method in the United States from the 1850s to the present. Early US building protection campaigns showed two important characteristics: that they were initiated by the people and that women played a leading role in it, and that all three cases were relevant in this article. Instilling patriotism into the public and fostering civic awareness are the fundamental reasons for the rise of historical building protection in the United States. The protection of the Former Residence of the Former State is both a starting point and a concentrated embodiment of the formation of this thought. It also reflects the importance of building protection in the process of nation building and national identity in the United States The important role.