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RNAi最先由Fire和其同事于1998年发现。由于其沉默基因的高效性和特异性,RNAi成为干扰特定基因表达和进行大规模基因功能筛选的有力工具。相比较于其他肿瘤,白血病在分子水平的一个特点就是有较多的染色体方面的改变,比如染色体易位,染色体易位后能激活特定的癌基因或者导致新的融合基因的产生。由于这些基因产生后能直接引起白血病或者能维持白血病的病理状态,因而经常被选作沉默基因的靶点。为了更好地理解RNAi在基础研究中和治疗白血病中的作用,现就最近一些使用RANi来研究白血病的成果进行综述。
RNAi was first discovered by Fire and colleagues in 1998. Because of the efficiency and specificity of their silenced genes, RNAi has become a powerful tool for interfering with specific gene expression and screening large-scale gene functions. One of the hallmarks of leukemia at the molecular level as compared to other tumors is more chromosomal changes such as chromosomal translocations, chromosomal translocations that activate specific oncogenes or lead to the production of new fusion genes. These genes are often chosen as targets for silencing genes because they produce either leukemia or maintain the pathology of leukemia. In order to better understand the role of RNAi in basic research and in the treatment of leukemia, some recent advances in the use of RANi to study leukemia are reviewed.