人们常说,美国打个喷嚏,全球就感冒,以此比喻美国之于世界各国的重要影响力。这次发端于美国的次贷危机又是一个明证——震央在美国,却迅速扩散为全球的金融风暴,并进而引发经济衰退和失业狂潮。置身于其中,我们不能不反思二战以来新兴市场经济国家的发展模式,或者说,不能不思考构建危机后新的经济金融秩序。回顾—下,二战后,无论是日本的经济复兴,还是亚洲四小龙的腾飞、东南亚五小虎的突起,甚至中国的崛起,都是以出口欧美地区的发展模式带动经济的繁荣。经济学上有个雁型理论,即产业将依不同地区不同时期的比较优势原则,渐次从先进地区向后进地区转移。譬如战后日本率先工业化发展,后来生产成本提高和产业需要升级,就把技术含量低、劳动力成本高的产业转移到四小龙,四小龙经过一段时间的发展,又把原来的产业转移到五小虎和中国。但是,生产的产品,最终还是要出口到欧美地区,亚洲经济对欧美的依赖由此可见。反观欧美,尤其是美国,成为新兴市场经济国家出口导向发展战略的最大受益国。只要发行美钞,就能享受到物美价廉的商品。尽管布雷顿森林体系已然坍塌,但美元的强势地位依旧存在。亚洲各国以出口换回美钞,累积了太量的外汇 People often say that when the United States sneezes and the world catches a cold, it parallels the important influence of the United States in various countries in the world. This subprime mortgage crisis originated in the United States is another proof that the epicenter was in the United States but rapidly spread to the global financial turmoil, which in turn led to the economic recession and the unemployment binge. Exposure to them, we can not but reflect on the development model of emerging market economies since World War II, or that we can not but think about building a new economic and financial order after the crisis. Looking back - After World War II, whether it is Japan’s economic revival or the take-off of four Asian dragons, the emergence of the Five Little Tigers in Southeast Asia and even the rise of China are all driven by the economic development mode of export to Europe and the United States. There is a wild goose-type theory in economics, that is, the industry will gradually shift from advanced areas to backward areas in accordance with the principle of comparative advantage in different regions in different periods. For example, after Japan first took post-war industrialization and later increased its production costs and industries needed upgrading, it shifted the industries with low-tech and high labor costs to four dragons. After four years of development, the four dragons shifted their industries to five small tigers And China. However, the products they produce eventually have to be exported to Europe and the United States. Therefore, the dependence of Asia’s economy on Europe and the United States can be seen. On the contrary, Europe and the United States, especially the United States, have become the biggest beneficiary countries in the export-oriented development strategy of emerging market economies. As long as the issue of US dollar bills, you can enjoy inexpensive goods. Although the Bretton Woods system is already collapsing, the strength of the U.S. dollar still exists. Asian countries have exchanged their bills for export and accumulated too much foreign exchange