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用5个热带及亚热带玉米自交系和5个导入热带种质并经连续回交改良的温带玉米自交系,采用Griffing双列杂交方法III杂交,共配制90个杂交组合。2008年和2009年以大面积推广杂交种云瑞6号为对照,对供试自交系进行配合力、杂种优势及利用潜力研究。结果表明,导入热带种质并经连续回交改良的温带玉米自交系YML598、YML58的多数性状一般配合力效应为极显著正值,在杂交育种中具有较大的利用潜力;单株产量配合力效应值与诸多产量影响因素的配合力效应值密切相关,雌雄间隔期、秃尖与单株产量呈负相关,而其他性状与单株产量呈正相关;产量对照优势H≥10%的组合大多为热带、亚热带种质×改良温带种质,单株产量特殊配合力效应为极显著正值的组合均为热带、亚热带种质×改良温带种质,说明热带、亚热带玉米种质与经热带种质改良后的温带玉米种质之间仍具有较强的杂种优势,且导入热带种质的温带系与热带、亚热带供体系的杂种优势仍然存在,其所属的杂种优势群并未改变。以热带、亚热带玉米种质为供体,采用连续回交的方法改良温带玉米自交系是利用热带、亚热带玉米种质的有效方法。
Five crosses of tropical and subtropical maize and five temperate maize inbred lines introduced with tropical germplasm and improved by successive backcross were used to make 90 cross combinations by using Griffing double-line hybridization method III. 2008 and 2009 to a large area to promote the hybrid Yunrui 6 as a control, the test inbred lines for combining ability, heterosis and utilization potential. The results showed that the general combining ability effect of temperate maize inbred lines YML598 and YML58 transformed by tropical backcross was significantly positive, which had great potential for utilization in hybrid breeding. The yield per plant The effect of force was closely related to the combining ability of many yield factors. There was a negative correlation between the male-male interval and bald tip and the yield per plant, while the other traits were positively correlated with the yield per plant. The combination of tropical and subtropical germplasm × improved temperate germplasm, and the special combining ability effect per plant was extremely significant positive were the combination of tropical and subtropical germplasm × improved temperate germplasm, indicating that the combination of tropical and subtropical germplasm and tropical species The improved temperate maize germplasm still had strong heterosis, and the heterosis of the temperate and tropical and subtropical feeding systems which introduced the tropical germplasm still existed, and the heterosis group they belong to did not change. Using tropical and subtropical maize germplasm as donor, using continuous backcrossing method to improve temperate maize inbred lines is an effective method to utilize tropical and subtropical maize germplasm.