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新课改下的初中物理教学,要求教师在教学过程中把科学知识的传授和自然科学一般研究方法的训练有机地结合起来,重视学生个性发展,注重能力的培养。如果我们让学生掌握一些自然科学研究方法,不但有助于培养学生科学素养,还能减轻学生学习负担,提高学习质量。研究物理的科学方法有很多,常用到的有控制变量法、转换法、等效替代法、理想实验或科学推理法、观察和实验法、比较法、类比法等。笔者就其中的一些科学方法从教学角度谈些体会。
Under the new curriculum reform, junior high school physics teaching requires that teachers combine the teaching of scientific knowledge with the training of general research methods of natural science in the process of teaching, attach importance to the development of students’ personality and pay attention to the cultivation of abilities. If we allow students to master some of the natural science research methods, not only to help students develop scientific literacy, but also reduce the burden on students to learn and improve the quality of learning. There are many scientific methods to study physics. Commonly used methods include control variable method, conversion method, equivalent substitution method, ideal experiment or scientific reasoning method, observation and experiment method, comparative method and analogy method. The author talks about some of these scientific methods from the perspective of teaching.