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目的通过对甘宁阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地50年鼠疫调查及监测材料汇总分析,为该疫源地动物鼠疫监测及预警提供指导。方法收集、整理鼠疫资料,建立甘宁黄土高原黄鼠疫源地1962—2012年鼠疫数据库;黄鼠密度调查采用1日弓形夹法,其他小型啮齿动物调查采用5 m夹线法;鼠疫病原学的分离采取剖检鼠类脏器,取肝脾直接压印培养法;鼠体蚤的收集采用梳检法;蚤的细菌学检验采取集组研磨培养法;鼠疫血清学采取间接血凝(IHA)法。结果该疫源地共捕获啮齿动物18种,黄鼠为优势种群;收集蚤类59种(亚种),方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为优势种群;50年来发生3次动物间鼠疫流行,分离鼠疫菌163株(其中人尸体4株、自然染疫动物135株、寄生蚤24株),检出阳性血清488份;动物鼠疫流行多发生在5—6月,流行年份黄鼠密度(3.26±1.11)只/hm2,动物间鼠疫频发区在海原县境内月亮山与南华山草甸草原和山地草原地带。结论海原县境内月亮山与南华山为该疫源地核心区,黄鼠鼠疫终止流行阈值指标为黄鼠密度年均<0.2只/hm2,黄鼠密度年均1.11只/hm2为动物鼠疫流行时的阈值指标,2只/hm2为动物鼠疫流行的预警指标。
OBJECTIVE: To provide a guideline for monitoring and early warning of animal plague in the plague areas through the investigation and monitoring material analysis of the plague in the plague foci of Gansu Alashan for 50 years. Methods To collect and sort out the plague data and establish the plague database of Platycladus from 1962 to 2012 in the Yellow River Plateau of Gansu Province. The density of clams in the Yellow River was investigated by the method of bow arch clamp on one day. The other small rodents were surveyed by 5 m clip line method. Separation of rats were taken to dissect the organ, liver and spleen direct imprinting culture; collection of murine fleas by comb test; flea bacteriological test to take the group grind culture; plague serology to take indirect hemagglutination (IHA) law. Results Eighteen species of rodents were captured in this foci of origin, and the gopher was the dominant species. Fifty-nine species (subspecies) of fleas were collected, and the Mongolian subspecies of the T. gonorrhoeae population was the dominant species. During the past 50 years, three animal epidemics occurred and were isolated 163 strains of Yersinia pestis (4 of them were dead, 135 were naturally infected and 24 were parasitic fleas), 488 positive sera were detected. The prevalence of plague was mostly in May-June, and the prevalence was 3.26 ± 1.11) only / hm2, plague prevalence in the animal plains in the Haiyuan County Moon Hill and South China Mountain meadow steppes and mountain grasslands. Conclusions The Moon Mountain and South Huashan in Haiyuan County are the core areas of the epidemic. The epidemic threshold index for the reduction of the plague population is that the annual mean density of the yellow rat is <0.2 / hm2, and the annual average density of the rat is 1.11 / hm2 The threshold index, 2 / hm2 for the animal epidemic of early warning indicators.