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【目的】比较纤维胆道镜与常规胆道探查术治疗胆道结石的有效性及安全性。【方法】回顾性分析2011年3月至2014年8月本院收治的80例胆道结石患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同分为对照组和观察组，每组各40例；对照组采用常规胆道探查术行胆管取石治疗，观察组采用纤维胆道镜行胆管取石治疗。对比观察两种方法的有效性（手术基本情况及手术时间、出血量、肛门排气时间和住院时间）和安全性（术后并发症）。【结果】①两组在性别、年龄、病程、结石状况及结石直径等临床一般资料差异无显著性意义（P ＞0．05）；②观察组的出血量、手术时间、排气时间、住院时间均明显小于对照组的，差异均有统计学意义（均 P＜0．05）；③除感染外，观察组残留结石和胆漏发生率及结石复发率均明显低于对照组，其差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05）。【结论】与常规胆道探查术对比，纤维胆道镜行胆管取石术效果较好，具有术中损伤小、术后恢复快、结石残余率和复发率低的优点。“,”[Objective] To compare the effectiveness and safety of fiber choledochoscope versus normal bile duct exploration in the treatment of biliary duct calculi .[Methods] The clinical data of 80 patients with biliary calculi during March 2011 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed .According to different treatments , they were divided into control and research groups ( n=40 each) .The control group underwent routine biliary exploration of bile duct calculi while the research group fiber choledochoscope biliary lithotomy .And the effec‐tiveness of two methods (basic demographics ,operative duration ,blood loss ,anal exhaust time and hospitali‐zation time) and safety (complications) were compared .[Results] No significant inter‐group differences exis‐ted in gender ,age ,disease course or stone .And blood loss ,operative duration ,exhaust time and length of hospital stay were significantly smaller in research group than those in control group .And there were signifi‐cant statistical differences ( t=2 .073 ,5 .556 ,11 .146 ,5 .556 ,P 0 .05) .When research and control groups were compared ,calculi ( n =1 vs n=8) ,residual calculi ( n=1 vs n=8) and fistula ( n=1 vs n=8) .And there were inter‐group statistical sig‐nificance betweens (χ2 = 6 .135 ,P =6 .135<0 .05) .During a follow‐up period of 1 year ,the calculi recur‐rence rate of research group was 0% (0/40) and that of control group 12 .5% (5/40) .And there was signifi‐cant difference (χ2 =5 .333 ,P =5 .333<0 .05) .[Conclusion]Compared with routine biliary surgical explora‐tion ,fiber choledochoscope biliary lithotomy is superior with less intraoperative hemorrhage ,shorter postoper‐ative exhaust time ,shorter hospitalization time ,fewer postoperative complications and lower recurrence of cal‐culi .